Câncer de endométrio é um dos tumores ginecológicos mais frequentes

O câncer de endométrio é um dos tumores ginecológicos mais frequentes. Acomete principalmente mulheres após a menopausa, em geral acima dos 60 anos. Apenas 20%, ou menos, das mulheres com câncer de endométrio estão na fase de pré-menopausa. Menos de 5% estão abaixo dos 40 anos de idade. O câncer de endométrio é um tumor altamente curável na maioria das mulheres.

ANATOMIA

O útero, que faz parte do sistema reprodutor da mulher, situa-se no centro da pelve, tem continuidade com a vagina e está preso à bacia através de lâminas de tecido conjuntivo, que são chamados de paramétrios. De cada lado do útero, passam duas estruturas tubulares, os ureteres, que levam urina dos rins para a bexiga.

O útero se divide em duas partes, a inferior ou colo do útero, que fica em contato com a cúpula da vagina, e a superior ou corpo uterino. O corpo do útero é constituído por uma camada muscular, mais externa, chamada miométrio, e por uma cavidade interna revestida por uma mucosa conhecida como endométrio, que descama e sangra durante a menstruação.

Na porção mais superior do corpo do útero estão localizadas as tubas uterinas, que são dois canais ligados aos ovários e no interior dos quais ocorre o processo de fertilização. Pequenos ligamentos colocam o útero em contato com os ovários.

TIPOS DE CÂNCER DE ENDOMÉTRIOS

Carcinoma endometrioide

É o tipo mais comum, responsável por 80% a 90% dos casos. Ele se forma a partir das glândulas presentes no endométrio e costuma ser pouco agressivo.

Carcinoma seroso-papilífero

Representa o segundo tipo mais comum: aproximadamente 8% de todos os tumores endometriais. Apresenta maior agressividade e maiores chances de metástases, exigindo tratamentos mais radicais.

Carcinoma de células claras

É responsável por 1% a 3% dos casos. Costuma ser mais agressivo, mesmo quando diagnosticado em fase precoce.

Sarcomas

Correspondem a aproximadamente 3% a 5% dos tumores do corpo do útero. Originam-se na musculatura do corpo uterino (miométrio) ou no tecido que sustenta o endométrio (estroma). Em geral, são mais resistentes à quimioterapia e à radioterapia. Os sarcomas uterinos podem ser divididos nos seguintes subtipos: leiomiossarcoma, carcinossarcoma, sarcoma indiferenciado, sarcoma estromal e adenossarcoma.


116 comentários em “Câncer de endométrio é um dos tumores ginecológicos mais frequentes”

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