Diverticulite aguda: A inflamação dos divertículos

O nosso corpo pode ter ou não a presença de divertículos, que podem ser definidos como pequenas bolsas salientes no trato digestivo, com uma certa quantidade de fezes. Eles são mais comuns após os 40 anos, e podem se formar no esôfago, estômago, intestino delgado e intestino grosso – onde são encontrados com maior frequência. Geralmente, os divertículos são inofensivos, e não causam problemas de saúde, nesse caso, chamamos a condição de diverticulose.

Quando os divertículos ficam inflamados ou infectados, podemos dizer que temos um quadro de diverticulite, havendo risco dos resíduos intestinais escaparem das bolsas, provocando complicações. Estima-se que grande parte da população acima dos 60 anos tenha diverticulose assintomática, sem nunca ter percebido algum sintoma, mas quando há a inflamação, o paciente pode sentir prisão de ventre ou diarreia, cólicas, inchaço, gases, náuseas, falta de fome, e em alguns casos, observar sangue nas fezes.

Tratamento

O tratamento inicial da diverticulite inclui uma dieta leve, com muitos líquidos e poucas fibras para que haja o descanso do intestino, que junto a ação de antibióticos e analgésicos, alivia os sintomas em poucos dias, mas quando se trata de diverticulite aguda, ou seja, a infecção com quadro de dor abdominal intensa, diminuição da eliminação de gases e fezes, deixando o paciente com sensação de mal-estar, com febre e náuseas, a cirurgia pode ser indicada para drenar os abcessos, se forem pequenos, ou ainda para retirar a parte que estiver comprometida do intestino.

Prevenção

Para evitar complicações no trato digestivo, é importante ter uma rotina de atividade física, que ajuda a acelerar o metabolismo e o trânsito intestinal. Além disso, beber água é fundamental para o processo digestivo, e consequentemente uma formação adequada do bolo fecal.

Quanto à alimentação, o ideal é consumir mais frutas, vegetais grãos e alimentos com alto teor de fibras para ter um processo digestivo sem problemas.

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