Hernia epigástrica: o que é, sintomas e tratamento

A hérnia epigástrica é caracterizada por uma espécie de buraco, que se forma devido ao enfraquecimento do músculo da parede abdominal, acima do umbigo, permitindo a saída de tecidos para fora dessa abertura, como o tecido gorduroso ou mesmo parte do intestino, formando-se uma saliência que se torna visível na parte de fora da barriga.

Geralmente, a hernia epigástrica não causa outros sintomas, no entanto, em alguns casos, pode-se sentir dor ou desconforto na região, como quando a pessoa tosse ou levanta pesos, por exemplo.

O tratamento consiste na realização de uma cirurgia, em que se reintroduzem os tecidos na cavidade abdominal. Além disso, também pode ser colocada uma tela para fortalecer a parede abdominal.

Possíveis causas

A hérnia epigástrica é causada por um enfraquecimento dos músculos da parede abdominal. Alguns dos fatores que podem contribuir para o enfraquecimento desses músculos são ter excesso de peso, praticar certos tipos de desporto, fazer trabalhos pesados ou fazer grandes esforços, por exemplo.

Quais os sintomas

Na maior parte dos casos, a hérnia epigástrica é assintomática, notando-se apenas um inchaço na região acima do umbigo. No entanto, em alguns casos, pode ocorrer dor e desconforto na região, como quando se tosse ou se levantam pesos, por exemplo.

Além disso, se a hérnia aumentar de tamanho, pode ocorrer a saída do intestino para fora da parede abdominal. Como consequência, pode ocorrer uma obstrução ou estrangulamento do intestino, que gera sintomas como prisão de ventre, vômitos e diarreia, sendo que, nesses casos, é necessário fazer cirurgia para correção.

Saiba diferenciar a hernia epigástrica da hérnia umbilical.

Como é feito o tratamento
Na maior parte dos casos, a hérnia epigástrica deve ser tratada quando sintomática, de forma a evitar complicações.

A cirurgia pode ser realizada com anestesia local, quando é pequena, ou geral e consiste na reintrodução e reposição dos tecidos salientes na cavidade abdominal. De seguida, o médico sutura a abertura, podendo ainda colocar uma tela na região, quando hérnia de grande volume, de forma a fortalecer a parede abdominal e evitar que a hérnia se forme novamente.

Geralmente, a recuperação da cirurgia é rápida e bem sucedida, e a pessoa tem alta cerca de um ou dois dias depois. Durante o período de recuperação, a pessoa deve evitar fazer esforços e realizar atividades intensas. O médico pode ainda receitar remédios analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios para aliviar a dor pós-operatória.

Efeitos colaterais da cirurgia

Geralmente a cirurgia é bem tolerada, causando apenas uma ligeira dor e nódoas negras na região da incisão. No entanto, embora seja raro, pode ocorrer infecção na região e, em cerca de 1 a 5% dos casos, a hernia pode surgir novamente.

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