Recuperando-se da Cirurgia de Câncer

A recuperação pós-cirúrgica depende do tipo de procedimento que será feito e do seu estado de saúde geral. Antes da cirurgia, é importante pedir orientações ao médico sobre os cuidados que se deve ter durante o período pós-cirúrgico, e também sobre os cuidados que se deve ter alguns dias antes da realização da cirurgia. Especialmente quando a recuperação é feita em casa, é importante saber exatamente como e quando fazer os curativos, como deve ser a alimentação, o repouso, o retorno ao trabalho e os exercícios físicos, pois, geralmente, estes cuidados variam de acordo com o tipo de cirurgia que foi realizado.

Anestesia

A anestesia impede que você sinta dor por um determinado período de tempo. Dependendo do tipo e da extensão da cirurgia, também podem ser usados outros medicamentos. Em alguns casos, é possível escolher o tipo de anestesia a ser administrado.

  • Anestesia Local. É usada em cirurgias menores, como biópsias em áreas próximas à superfície do corpo. O paciente fica acordado durante o procedimento e geralmente sente apenas uma pressão durante a realização da biópsia.
  • Anestesia Tópica. Neste procedimento a anestesia é friccionada ou pulverizada sobre a superfície do corpo em vez de ser inserida por via intravenosa. Por exemplo, um spray é usado às vezes para anestesiar a garganta antes que um cateter seja inserido até o estômago ou pulmões.
  • Anestesia Regional (Raquidiana ou Peridural). É um tipo de anestésico usado em cirurgias mais simples, onde o paciente pode permanecer acordado. Esse tipo de anestesia bloqueia a dor em apenas uma determinada área do corpo, como um braço, uma perna ou toda região inferior do corpo (abaixo do abdome).
  • Anestesia Geral. Este tipo de anestesia é indicada para cirurgias mais complexas e de grande porte. O paciente entra em sono profundo, muitas vezes o procedimento é iniciado injetando um medicamento por via intravenosa no paciente. Na anestesia geral, o paciente  é geralmente intubado e respira com ajuda de aparelhos e é monitorado quanto a frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e pressão arterial durante toda a cirurgia até acordar.

Os pacientes que realizam anestesia local, podem ter alta hospitalar logo após a cirurgia. Os pacientes que fazem anestesia regional ou geral são encaminhados para uma sala de recuperação, 
onde permanecerá até cessarem os efeitos da anestesia e possa ser transferido com segurança para o quarto do hospital.  

Cateteres e Tubos

A garganta pode ficar dolorida por um tempo se você foi entubado (tubo endotraqueal). Também pode ser inserido um cateter (cateter de Foley) na bexiga para ajudar a drenar a urina que é coletada numa bolsa. 

Drenos Cirúrgicos

O paciente poderá ter drenos cirúrgicos saindo da ferida cirúrgica na pele. Esses drenos permitem a eliminação do excesso de líquido que se acumula no local da cirurgia. Eles serão retirados assim que pararem de coletar o líquido, geralmente alguns dias após a cirurgia. Isso pode ser feito ainda durante o tempo de internação hospitalar ou, mais tarde, no consultório médico.

Alimentação

Você pode não sentir fome ou sede, mas essa é uma parte importante do processo de recuperação. No pós-cirúrgico, os primeiros alimentos devem ser de fácil digestão, em pequenas quantidades e com poucas fibras para diminuir o volume das fezes e para que o paciente não tenha que se esforçar para evacuar. A primeira refeição deve ser líquida porque o paciente ainda deve se sentir nauseado devido a anestesia. Uma sopa de legumes batida no liquidificador ou um suco de frutas com bolacha pode ser uma boa opção. A partir do segundo dia, pode-se introduzir alimentos cicatrizantes para facilitar a recuperação, como iogurte, carnes e frutas ricas em vitamina C.

Exercícios Físicos

Sua recuperação após a cirurgia depende de muitos fatores, incluindo seu estado de saúde geral antes do procedimento e a extensão da cirurgia.

Seu médico provavelmente tentará fazer com que você se mova o mais rápido possível após a cirurgia. Ele pode incentivar você a levantar da cama no mesmo dia da cirurgia, embora isso possa ser difícil no início ajuda a acelerar a recuperação e faz com que seu aparelho digestivo se mova. Também ajuda à circulação e previne a formação de coágulos nas pernas. Mas, se estiver sentindo dores, comunique seu médico, para que ele possa prescrever a medicação adequada para controlar a dor.

Sua equipe médica o incentivará a fazer exercícios respiratórios, que o ajudarão a respirar melhor, reduzindo também o risco de uma infecção pulmonar (pneumonia).

Alta Hospitalar

Após se alimentar e caminhar, você pode começar a fazer planos para a alta hospitalar. Entretanto, isso depende de outros fatores, como os resultados da cirurgia e dos exames realizados no período pós-cirúrgico. 

No momento da alta, seu médico prescreverá alguns medicamentos para tomar caso você sinta dor. 

Antes de sair, certifique: 

  • Como você vai fazer o curativo em casa.
  • O que precisa estar atento e comunicar o médico imediatamente.
  • Quais são os limites de suas atividades, como dirigir, trabalhar, levantar, etc.
  • Se existem restrições como dieta, medicações relacionadas à dor, etc.
  • Que medicamentos tomar e periodicidade.
  • Para quem ligar se surgir algum problema.
  • Se será preciso fazer algum programa de reabilitação (atividade física ou fisioterapia).
  • Quando será seu retorno ao médico.

É importante entender que o resultado completo de sua cirurgia depende de sua total recuperação cirúrgica. Portanto procure ajustar sua rotina nos primeiros dias em casa as suas novas necessidades e as alterações em seu corpo. Certifique-se de que todas as suas dúvidas foram respondidas antes de sair do hospital, e em caso de dúvida não hesite em entrar em contato com seu médico.

Quando ligar para o Médico após a Cirurgia

Neste momento, você provavelmente estará mais atento a seu corpo do que jamais esteve em sua vida, sentindo todas as mudanças físicas. Verifique se você sabe como entrar em contato com seu médico depois do horário comercial, nos finais de semana e feriados.

Alguns efeitos colaterais da cirurgia são temporários, mas outros podem ser um sinal de problemas sérios. Informe seu médico, imediatamente, caso ocorra qualquer um dos sintomas abaixo após a cirurgia:

  • Febre > 38o C.
  • Hemorragia.
  • Calafrios intensos.
  • Dor intensa, que não melhora.
  • Falta de ar ou problemas para respirar.
  • Problemas para urinar.
  • Quaisquer outros sinais mencionados pelo seu médico.

Não hesite em informar seu médico sobre quaisquer novos problemas ou preocupações que você venha a ter, para que ele possa identificar a causa e, se necessário, iniciar o tratamento imediatamente.

Fique atento também no pré-cirúrgico.

Fonte: American Cancer Society (19/04/2016)

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    Right Here are some basic suggestions for programming dumbbell shoulder workouts for muscle progress.
    Dumbbell lateral, front, and bent-over raises are
    all glorious choices. However, if you really wish to maximize your deltoid improvement,
    cables are the way to go. Using cables, you possibly can hold all the tension on the muscles you wish to
    work, and most cable workout routines are all but cheat-proof, too, so your exercises shall be more practical.
    Cable machine workout routines are nice for the shoulder as a end result of they keep the muscular tissues in rigidity all
    through the complete range of movement, which helps build
    strength and shape the delt muscle tissue. Higher to throw in a
    quantity of low-intensity shoulder workouts that concentrate on the shoulder area to arrange the shoulder joint
    for motion.
    Before we dive into your shoulder workouts and workouts, let’s discuss
    why dumbbells could also be a better choice for building shoulders.
    A bench press will practice the complete upper physique however you’ll discover the
    amount of flexion and extension that happens on the elbow
    joint. Further, after the arms break parallel with the chest, the primary movement is elbow extension.
    This is why one of the best bench pressers have a ton of triceps-specific training.
    Grasp a pull-up bar with an overhand grip, shoulder width aside, lift your toes from the floor, hanging freely with straight arms.
    (A) Pull your self up by flexing the elbows
    while pinching your shoulder blades collectively.
    In addition, cable row is probably one of the handiest corrective workouts that assist compensate
    for poor posture and shoulder dysfunction. Now, it’s a reasonably simple train, and anybody can do it successfully, making it best for measurement and energy positive aspects.
    You can use various attachments with the cable that can hit nearly every muscle group one way or one
    other. As lengthy as you prepare these, you’ll be hitting every head of the shoulder
    muscle group. The video under would not use a bench for
    stability, however you can see the vary of movement
    you ought to be utilizing.
    Then, when you start your workout you want to begin some high-rep sets of the
    primary exercise utilizing very gentle weights, and even no weights in any respect.

    This will get the shoulder used to the actions it’s about to
    do so you’re not starting your first set chilly.
    Just like lateral raises, you’ll need to go on the lighter aspect of issues
    for the weight! Going too heavy means you might find yourself using momentum
    to ‘swing’ the load up, instead of fulling utilizing the anterior delts to drive the load up.

    The hottest approach to carry out frontal raises is using a pair of dumbbells, either collectively or one arm at a time, alternating
    reps between arms. The lateral deltoids are positioned on the
    side of your higher arm.
    Isolating these posterior shoulder muscular tissues means
    much less weight is needed to construct power and measurement within the target muscles.
    You can carry out the landmine press from a standing or half-kneeling position. Both are effective shoulder exercises, however the
    kneeling place offers higher stability and places much less strain on the lower back for people who battle with back issues.
    Experienced lifters know that shoulders grow well with some high-rep pump work
    within the mix. It can be nice on its own, or as a second shoulder day 72 hours after one targeted extra on free weights and presses.

    Pick weights that you could carry out no more than 20 reps with, but
    at least 15 for every movement. Your objective is to complete 50 reps of every
    movement (one movement at a time) in as few units as possible.

    Max out in your first set, repping out till you longer perform a single rep
    with good form, rest for 15 deep breaths and repeat.

    As such, you want a shoulder warm-up that covers all of the planes of movement
    you’re about to work your shoulders in, and we now
    have simply the factor for you. This shoulder warm-up is made up of eight workout routines and uses a selection of tools to ensure you are fully
    ready for the exercise correct. Shoulder workout routines should be carried
    out utilizing comparatively gentle weights, in contrast with
    what you’d use for arm exercises. It’s better to coach smart along with your shoulders, somewhat than just going for a huge weight that puts them beneath too much pressure and raises the danger of damage.
    Pair compound shoulder workouts just like the Overhead Presses with isolation workout routines similar to Lateral
    Raises and Entrance Raises to construct beefy shoulders. This
    approach will make positive you hit all three components of your deltoids.
    Stronger shoulders assist in many upper-body
    actions and stabilize the shoulder joint, rising effectivity
    in exercises and athletic performance in sports requiring higher
    body strength.
    When you practice with deltoid-specific workouts, you’ll see severe advantages
    out of your newfound power gains. Before we discover the optimal exercises for the deltoids, I wish to be positive to perceive the anatomy
    of the deltoid muscle. This exercise engages
    your posterior, anterior, and medial deltoids, and even your triceps
    and traps.
    This will allow a good greater amount of flexion and extension as properly as relieve stress on the elbow and shoulder joints.
    Raise a set of dumbbells onto the highest of your chest,
    palms going through inwards (A) Press upwards, slowly rotating your palms outwards as you do, until your arms are locked out overhead.
    Pause right here (B) before reversing the motion, beneath
    control, again to the beginning position. Traditional bodybuilding exercises get stale and
    boring after some time.
    Nevertheless, the shoulders are actively concerned in several higher
    physique workout routines (bench press, push up, dips,
    and so on.) so it’s potential to get away with once every week relying on your routine.
    This is most likely going because of the fact that one movement that the rear delts are used for is external rotation of the arms, similar to when you turn your arms to make use of
    a neutral grip. Though the differences had been important,
    there were not big variations in the muscle activity
    of the rear deltoid or infraspinatus based on the different hand
    grips used. In other words, using the impartial grip allowed for a reasonable
    enhance in muscle activity of the rear delts and infraspinatus.
    This could also be due to the fact that one movement of the rear deltoid is to rotate the
    arm out like what occurs whenever you flip your arms out to take a neutral grip.

    The shoulder press, or overhead press, is often ignored
    in a muscle-building program in favor of shoulder isolation workouts.
    Because shoulder urgent is extremely fatiguing, you’re already pressing often when training the chest.

    Additional, you can’t isolate any of the three muscle heads to maximise development.
    In this exercise, you may do them before the other two, when you have a bit
    more power in the tank. Feel free to rearrange the order of the single-joint strikes based mostly in your weaknesses, although.

    If you choose your delts to be fairly balanced, merely rotate
    the order of the single-joint movements from one workout to the following.

    Finally, your posterior deltoids (or rear deltoids) sit at the back of your shoulders where they
    assist shoulder extension—moving your arms backwards.
    Analysis has shown that the staple transfer of old-school muscle-building packages like the Blueprint to Mass hits both the front and medial delts more than other dumbbell press
    variations. Plus, many lifters simply discover it extra friendly to
    their shoulder joints. Our shoulder exercise
    is designed to add muscle mass to all sides of your shoulders
    and utilizes each low and high-rep sets to maximize strength and
    muscle growth.
    Purpose for between reps per set (unless acknowledged
    otherwise) and take not than 60 seconds rest in between units.
    Aim for between 6-8 reps per set (unless stated otherwise) and take now not than ninety seconds relaxation in between units.

    Tense and pinch the shoulder blades collectively on the very
    back of the movement before returning to the outstretched position. Ensure you
    permit a slight bend at the elbows to keep the strain on the muscle in place.
    This movement can be carried out lying flat on a bench, sitting on a pec deck in reverse place or through the use of cable handles as
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    private insights and tips on sculpting your deltoids.

    One of the reasons guys do not prepare shoulders, especially the overhead press, is it tends to be a reasonably weak motion pattern and muscle group for many lifters.
    To do that we’re going to do a tri-set with cable machine raises.
    We’ll do variations for the entrance delt, the center delt, and the rear delt.

    Do two trap exercises every week, tagged on to your lat
    exercise, and you’ll soon begin developing the thickness,
    detail, and mass which might be the hallmarks of next-level again development.
    This usually uncared for exercise can toast your
    traps and rear delts in no time. I recommend using lighter weights in this train to maximise goal muscle stimulation. This circuit targets your shoulders,
    chest and triceps, a gaggle of muscles that work in synergy.

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    every exercise more effective. Prepare to maximize your positive aspects with
    our unique 12-week hypertrophy training program. Select between a 4 or 5 day training
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    Whereas they share some similarities, there are differences between the hammer vs. biceps curls.
    For example, as an alternative of using a supinated grip (palms dealing with up),
    you will use a neutral grip.
    You ought to now have a good suggestion of the totally different
    shoulder workout routines you are in a place to do at home with restricted equipment.

    One Other variation for the front and center elements of your shoulders is the TRX overhead elevate.
    Simply like with a regular lateral increase, lower back down and repeat for reps.
    Reverse the whole motion by bending your elbows and lowering your higher physique to the bottom.
    Moving back to an exercise that targets the front and middle head
    of the shoulder very successfully, we have dive-bombers. The trapezius
    muscle is the second largest within the again, taking on two-thirds
    of the upper-mid back. From the front, the higher traps fill
    up the house between the neck and the shoulders.

    This exercise creates a singular mix of muscle engagement, from stabilizing your shoulders to powering the
    rowing motion, all focusing on the rear deltoid muscles.
    Not sure how to construct your deltoids using cables as an alternative of free-weights?
    Use them in conjunction with barbell and dumbbell overhead presses or in its place.
    The facet and rear delts can have extra direct training quantity as they are not the main main movers for most pressing motion (i..e overhead
    presses, push ups). The entrance delts will be a major mover for many
    urgent motions. So they can be subject to overuse should you practice them
    with the identical quantity as facet and rear delts when doing shoulder specific workouts.

    Even should you don’t increase the amount of units you perform, you’ll nonetheless
    discover that you’re in a place to perform extra reps, at heavier weights main to large progress.
    For some of us, there’s nothing better than putting heavy stuff overhead.
    This old-school free-weights-only shoulder workout begins off with heavy, powerful push-presses, then pumps up your lateral and rear delts with dumbbells.

    The secret to the Cable Face Pull’s effectiveness lies in the combination of exterior rotation and horizontal pulling.
    This motion engages the rear deltoids intensely, along with
    the muscle tissue of the upper again. The fixed rigidity supplied by
    the cable ensures that the rear delts are engaged throughout the complete range of movement, making
    this train a comprehensive rear delt builder.
    As you pull your body upwards, the rear deltoids are referred to as into action to control and execute the
    motion.
    Proper now my most suitable choice for exercise is at house, early within the mornings when I can distract my 2
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    However having wings will widen your physique, especially from behind.
    This will fill out your V taper, creating a powerful broad
    look. You wish to target the higher portion of your lats via pulldowns
    and pull-ups. Practice your shoulders twice per week, making certain no less than forty eight hours between exercises to permit for full restoration and progress.
    Other multiple-head muscle teams (such because the biceps) have the identical origin and insertion points for his
    or her muscle heads.
    While sure, using challenging weights will help set off development, you’re also extra probably to make use of other muscle
    groups to get the load transferring, which leads us
    to our subsequent mistake. There are four muscles in your rotator cuff, five in your shoulder girdle,
    and three deltoid heads. That’s lots that may go wrong
    should you don’t ensure everything is primed and able to go.
    It targets a special a part of the deltoid than the frontal increase.
    The medial deltoids are the facet part of the shoulder muscle
    and are specifically worked in the course of the lateral raise.

    References:

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